Given my own question a few posts/days back I just thought I'd take a look at the ILI9486L controller mentioned to see how fast (in theory) 16bit was in the above Use Case vs SPI.
So 854px * 470px * 16bit colour depth = 802,760 bytes
However the datasheet says the ILI9486L is a 320x480 controller so not sure if things have changed in the last week or so? In anycase the clock timings are fairly typical so I suppose as an exercise the following isn't completely useless....
Parallel
I see on page pp212 of the datasheet that the Parallel Clock Cycle (write) has a minimum of 50ns with 15ns high/low pulses also. (there are other timings, but they seem to over & underlap those so are superfluous I think?)
So that gives:
8080 Parallel (16bit) = 6,422,080 bits in 16 bit bursts = 401,380 bursts (of 16 bits per burst aka parallel) * 50ns (1 * 15ns + 15ns setup but subject to a minimum write cycle of 50ns) = 20.069 ms
SPI
Of course there isn't a theoretical SPI clock speed, just limited by the MCU and display controller but ~16MHz (~63ns) on the controller side seems to be a theme in many.
I see on pp214 of the datasheet that the SPI Clock Cycle (write) has a minimum of 66ns with 15ns high/low pulses & 15ns setup time.
SPI = 6,422,080 bits in 16 bit bursts = 401,380 bursts (of 16 bits) * 255ns (16 * 15ns + 15ns setup) = 102,352 ms
Conclusion
Assuming I'm correct (and some of those 0ns minimum timings seem suspect to me. There may be "waits" between bursts that need factoring in?), then in this Use Case 16bit parallel is five times faster than SPI. That makes sense as I see from anecdotal forum posts that 16bit parallel is about 5 times faster. 8bit parallel would be 2-3 times faster. Gut feeling says that's about right to me.
With a display controller that can accept faster SPI then the gap would narrow of course.
(Whilst I do have a Logic Analyser I don't have that MCU nor display controller so can't double check understanding of datasheets personally).
I'm sure Joel/Inmarket/others will point out the flaws in the working out (please do!)